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1.
Biol. Res ; 50: 11, 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838967

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cimicifuga racemosa is one of the herbs used for the treatment of climacteric syndrome, and it has been cited as an alternative therapy to estrogen. Apart from hectic fevers, dyspareunia and so on, dry mouth also increase significantly after menopause. It has not yet been reported whether C. racemosa has any impact on the sublingual gland, which may relate to dry mouth. In an attempt to determine this, we have compared the effects of estrogen and C. racemosa on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: HE staining showed that the acinar cell area had contracted and that the intercellular spaces were broadened in the OVX (ovariectomized rats) group, while treatment with estradiol (E2) and iCR (isopropanolic extract of C. racemosa) improved these lesions. Transmission electron microscopy showed that rough endoplasmic reticulum expansion in mucous and serous acinar epithelial cells and apoptotic cells was more commonly seen in the OVX group than in the SHAM (sham-operated rats) group. Mitochondria and plasma membrane infolding lesions in the striated ducts were also observed. These lesions were alleviated by both treatments. It is of note that, in the OVX + iCR group, the volume of mitochondria in the striated duct was larger than in other groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly increased in the acinar cells of the OVX group compared with the SHAM group (p < 0.05); and the MA (mean absorbance) of caspase-3 in the striated ducts also increased (p < 0.05). Estradiol decreased the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA of caspase-3 in striated ducts significantly (p < 0.05). ICR also reduced the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA in the striated ducts (p < 0.05), but the reduction of the MA in striated ducts was inferior to that of the OVX + E2 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both estradiol and iCR can inhibit subcellular structural damage, and down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 caused by ovariectomy, but their effects were not identical, suggesting that both drugs confer a protective effect on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats, but that the specific location and mechanism of action producing these effects were different.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Sublingual Gland/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Ovariectomy , Estradiol/pharmacology , Estrogens/pharmacology , Time Factors , Xerostomia/prevention & control , Climacteric/drug effects , Immunohistochemistry , Down-Regulation , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Apoptosis/drug effects , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Caspase 3/analysis , Caspase 3/drug effects , Acinar Cells/drug effects
3.
Clinics ; 70(2): 107-113, 2/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741424

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of estrogen therapy and estrogen-progestin therapy on homocysteine and C-reactive protein levels in postmenopausal women. METHODS: In total, 99 postmenopausal women were included in this double-blind, randomized clinical trial and divided into three groups: Group A used estrogen therapy alone (2.0 mg of 17β-estradiol), Group B received estrogen-progestin therapy (2.0 mg of 17 β-estradiol +1.0 mg of norethisterone acetate) and Group C received a placebo (control). The length of treatment was six months. Serum measurements of homocysteine and C-reactive protein were carried out prior to the onset of treatment and following six months of therapy. RESULTS: After six months of treatment, there was a 20.7% reduction in homocysteine levels and a 100.5% increase in C-reactive protein levels in the group of women who used estrogen therapy. With respect to the estrogen-progestin group, there was a 12.2% decrease in homocysteine levels and a 93.5% increase in C-reactive protein levels. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that hormone therapy (unopposed estrogen or estrogen associated with progestin) may have a positive influence on decreasing cardiovascular risk due to a significant reduction in homocysteine levels. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Estrogens/therapeutic use , Homocysteine/blood , Postmenopause/blood , Progestins/therapeutic use , Age Factors , Brazil , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Norethindrone/administration & dosage , Norethindrone/analogs & derivatives , Patient Dropouts , Prospective Studies
4.
Korean Journal of Urology ; : 677-686, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-192660

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of estrogen on the expression of the alpha1 receptor and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rat urethra and bladder after oophorectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five mature female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 10-11 weeks, 235-250 g) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control group, oophorectomy group (Opx), or oophorectomy and estradiol replacement group (Opx+ Est). The degree of expression of alpha1 receptor (alpha1A and D) and NOS (neuronal NOS [nNOS] and endothelial NOS [eNOS]) in bladder and urethral tissues was investigated by using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. RESULTS: In the bladder, the expression rates of alpha1 receptor (alpha1A and alpha1D) increased in the Opx group but decreased in the Opx+Est group. These changes were not statistically significant. The alpha1A and alpha1D receptor of the urethra decreased in the Opx group but increased in the Opx+Est group. These changes were not statistically significant. In the bladder and urethra, the expression rates of nNOS and eNOS significantly increased in the Opx group but decreased in the Opx+Est group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that estrogen depletion increases NOS and alpha1 receptor expression in the rat bladder. However, these changes could be restored by estrogen replacement therapy.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Collagen/metabolism , Estradiol/analogs & derivatives , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Muscle, Smooth/pathology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Ovariectomy , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism , Urethra/drug effects , Urinary Bladder/drug effects
5.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 37(2): 251-270, Mayo-ago. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615206

ABSTRACT

Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar en el área de salud las características socio-culturales de las mujeres climatéricas y relacionarlos con la sintomatología de este periodo. Determinar la morbilidad oculta de enfermedades crónicas y de la esfera ginecológica en las mujeres de edad mediana para relacionarlo con la sintomatología del climaterio. Aplicar el tratamiento de sostén inicial (TSI) y evaluar sus respuestas. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y aplicado en la consulta de Climaterio y Menopausia del municipio Cerro durante 6 años para la atención de la mujer en edad mediana, se confeccionó una planilla como historia clínica para la recogida de datos del examen físico clínico, completo; se precisa la edad en que aparece la menopausia, el nivel socioeconómico de las mujeres atendidas y se indica un primer tratamiento de sostén inicial (TSI) para educar y controlar los síntomas que aquejan las pacientes. Se logran buenos resultados con esta alternativa de tratamiento y solo un bajo por ciento necesitan utilizar el tratamiento hormonal de reemplazo (THR). Se inician después los estudios complementarios de acuerdo al método clínico inicial para precisar la morbilidad oculta de las mujeres de la edad mediana


The objectives of present research were: to identify in the health area the sociocultural features of the climacteric women and to relate them to the symptomatology of this period, to determine the hidden morbidity of chronic diseases and the gynecological sphere in middle-age women to relate it to climacterium symptomatology, to apply the initial support treatment (IST) and to assess its responses. A descriptive and prospective study was conducted and to apply it in the Climacterium and Menopause consultation of Cerro municipality during 6 years for care of middle-age woman and a form as medical record to collect data of the whole clinical physical examination; the age of menopause onset is specified, the socioeconomic level of women seen and a first initial support treatment (IST) is prescribed to educate and to control the symptoms suffered by patients. With this treatment alternative good results were achieved and only a low percentage needs to use replacement hormonotherapy (RHT). After, the complementary studies are started according to the initial clinical method to specify exactly the hidden morbidity of middle-age women


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Comprehensive Health Care/methods , Climacteric/psychology , Perimenopause/physiology , Women's Health Services/ethics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Patient Education as Topic/ethics , Health Education , Prospective Studies , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods
7.
Femina ; 38(7)jul. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-562401

ABSTRACT

Os sintomas decorrentes da atrofia vulvovaginal são muito comuns no climatério. Os estrogênios aplicados localmente na vagina se mostram eficazes no alívio de tais manifestações; no entanto, os estrogênios conjugados na forma de creme vaginal apresentam efeitos sistêmicos e o estriol aplicado localmente pode ser absorvido sistemicamente também. O promestrieno é um estrogênio cuja absorção sistêmica é desprezível quando empregado topicamente, porém a falta de revisão sistemática sobre o tema suscitou a realização da presente revisão. Foram incluídos 16 estudos publicados entre 1976 e 2009, que avaliaram eficácia do promestrieno no alívio dos sintomas decorrentes da atrofia vulvovaginal, ou que investigaram seus efeitos na citologia vaginal, e também aqueles que avaliaram a absorção da substância quando empregada topicamente. As evidências encontradas confirmaram a eficácia do promestrieno, utilizado localmente no tratamento das afecções atróficas genitais femininas decorrentes do hipoestrogenismo, aliada a absorção sistêmica desprezível


The symptoms resulting from vulvovaginal atrophy are very common during climacteric. Estrogens applied locally in the vagina are effective in relieving these manifestations, however, conjugated estrogens as vaginal cream have systemic effects and locally applied estriol may be systemically absorbed. Promestriene is an estrogen without systemic absorption when applied topically, but the lack of a systematic review on the substance motivated the idea to make this review. Sixteen studies published between 1976 and 2009 which evaluated the effectiveness of promestriene on the relief of symptoms resulting from vulvovaginal atrophy or which investigated its effects on vaginal cytology and those which evaluated the absorption of the substance when used locally were included. The found evidences confirmed the effectiveness of locally applied promestriene in the treatment of female genital atrophic disorders due to low estrogen levels coupled with negligible systemic absorption


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Administration, Intravaginal , Atrophy/drug therapy , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Estradiol/analogs & derivatives , Estrogens/deficiency , Postmenopause , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Vagina/pathology , Vulva/pathology , Female Urogenital Diseases/drug therapy
8.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2010 Jan; 64(1) 17-25
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145477

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate oxidative stress byinvesting oxidatively damaged DNA AS Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) -sensitive sites, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities reduced glutathione (GSH) level and nitrite level as satble end product of in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Materials and Methods: 127 healthy postmenopausal women receiving HRT and 25 healthy control postmenopausal women were included in this study. Women receiving HRT, comprised surgical menopausal women who underwent surgery for benign conditionsand received conjugated equine estrogen, 0.625 mg/day for 1year (group 1), 5 years (group 2) and more than 10 years (group 3), spontaneous postmenopausal women received conjugated equine estrogen, 0.625 (Premarin) mg/day and medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/day (Premelle) for 1 year (group 4), 5 years (group 5) and more than 5 years (group 6).We investigated in the present study the effects of HRT on nitrite level and GSH level, activities of SOD and GPx and oxidative damage to DNA by comet assays by measuring levels of Fpg-sensitive sites. Results: Although no significant differences were found in the SOD activities, in total group receiving HRT, increased DNA oxidation (P<0.001) together with an increased GPx activity (P<0.001) and nitrite level (P<0.001) as well as a decreased GSH level (P < 0.05) as compared with controls were observed. Conclusion: Estrogen alone or oestrogen in combination with progesterone and duration of use did not significantly alter the results. We evaluated that caused oxidative stress by investigating oxidative DNA damage as Fp-sensitive sites and GSH.NO levels in women receiving HRT.


Subject(s)
Analysis of Variance , Antioxidants/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , DNA Damage/drug effects , DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/administration & dosage , Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/adverse effects , Follow-Up Studies , Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods , Humans , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Postmenopause/blood , Postmenopause/drug effects , Reference Values , Treatment Outcome
9.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 93(6): 617-622, dez. 2009. tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-542743

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Em mulheres pós-menopausadas, mudanças significantes ocorrem, que podem induzir doenças cardiovasculares, tais como o perfil lipídico aterogênico devido a um aumento nos níveis de colesterol total e LDL, e uma diminuição nos níveis de HDL. A terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) pode evitar essas mudanças no perfil lipídico. Objetivo: Determinar os efeitos da TRH constituída por estradiol transdérmico e acetato de medroxiprogesterona nos parâmetros bioquímicos e lipídicos de mulheres brasileiras pós-menopausadas. Métodos: Este é um estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, aberto, no qual trinta mulheres pós-menopausadas receberam estradiol em gel transdérmico (1 mg/dia) de forma contínua, combinado com acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MPA) (5 mg/dia) por 12 dias/mês. Os seguintes parâmetros foram determinados: colesterol total, triglicérides, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-colesterol), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-colesterol), lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade (VLDL-colesterol), glicose, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) e hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH). Resultados: Os parâmetros do perfil lipídico mostraram uma diminuição não-significante, enquanto os níveis de GGT e FSH apresentaram uma diminuição estatisticamente significante. Conclusões: O tratamento com estradiol em gel transdérmico não mostrou um impacto significante no perfil lipídico, de forma que não resultou em um efeito benéfico nos marcadores de doenças cardiovasculares, sugerindo que a dose, modo de administração e o tempo de tratamento foram importantes para esses resultados. Além disso, o tratamento com dose baixa e modo de administração transdérmico também demonstrou um significante efeito hepático nessa população. Dessa forma, esse tratamento pode fornecer efeitos interessantes sobre o perfil lipídico em mulheres brasileiras pós-menopausadas.


Background: In postmenopausal women, significant changes occur that can induce cardiovascular diseases, such as atherogenic lipid profile, due to an increase in total cholesterol and LDL levels, and a decrease in HDL cholesterol levels. The hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can prevent these changes in lipid profile. Objective: Verify the effects of HRT consisting of transdermal estradiol gel associated with medroxyprogesterone acetate on the lipid profile and biochemical parameters in Brazilian postmenopausal women. Methods: This study is an open prospective longitudinal study, in which thirty postmenopausal women received transdermal estradiol gel (1 mg/day) continuously combined with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (5 mg/day) for 12 days/month. The following parameters were determined: total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gama glutamyl transferase (GGT) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Results: The parameters of the lipid profile did not show a significant decrease, while the levels of GGT and FSH had a statistically significant decrease. Conclusions: the treatment with transdermal estradiol gel did not have a significant impact on the lipid profile, thus not resulting in a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease markers, suggesting that the dose, administration route and the time of treatment were important for these results. Moreover, the treatment using small dose and the transdermal administration route also had a significant hepatic effect in this population. Therefore, this treatment might provide interesting effects on the lipid profile in Brazilian postmenopausal women.


Fundamento: Cambios significantes ocurren en las mujeres posmenopáusicas que pueden inducir enfermedades cardiovasculares, tales como el perfil lipídico aterogénico debido a un aumento en los niveles de colesterol total y LDL y una disminución en los niveles de HDL. La terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) puede evitar esos cambios en el perfil lipídico. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la TRH constituida por estradiol transdérmico y acetato de medroxiprogesterona en los parámetros bioquímicos y lipídicos de mujeres brasileñas posmenopáusicas Métodos: Este es un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, abierto, en el que treinta mujeres posmenopáusicas recibieron estradiol en gel transdérmico (1 mg/día) de forma continua, combinado con acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MPA) (5 mg/día) por 12 días/mes. Se determinaron los seguientes parámetros: colesterol total, triglicéridos, lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL-colesterol), lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL-colesterol), lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL-colesterol), glucosa, aspartato transaminasa (AST), alanina aminotransferasa (ALT), Gammaglutamiltranspeptidasa (GGT) y hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH). Resultados: Los parámetros del perfil lipídico mostraron una disminución insignificante, mientras los niveles de GGT y FSH presentaron una disminución estadísticamente significante. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con estradiol en gel transdérmico no mostró un impacto significante en el perfil lipídico, causando un efecto benéfico en los marcadores de enfermedades cardiovasculares, sugiriendo que la dosis, el modo de administración y el tiempo de tratamiento fueron importantes para esos resultados. Además, el tratamiento con dosis baja y modo de administración transdérmico también demostró un significante efecto hepático en esa población. Así pues, ese tratamiento puede surtir efectos interesantes sobre el perfil lipídico en las mujeres brasileñas posmenopáusicas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Estrogens/administration & dosage , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Postmenopause/metabolism , Administration, Cutaneous , Brazil , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Therapy, Combination , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism , Gels , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Postmenopause/drug effects , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
10.
HU rev ; 35(1): 19-24, jan.-mar. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530943

ABSTRACT

O climatério, transição entre o período reprodutivo e o não-reprodutivo, é marcado por mudanças hormonais, físicas e psíquicas, que muitas vezes são acompanhadas de sintomas desagradáveis às mulheres. O projeto Viver Melhor - Assistência Integral às Mulheres no Climatério do HU/CAS-UFJF tem como função prestar educação em saúde a essa população. A fim de aperfeiçoar o trabalho do grupo e auxiliar na promoção da saúde dessas mulheres, o perfil delas foi analisado. Para isso utilizamos o Questionário de Saúde da Mulher, composto por 37 questões, aplicado a 36 participantes do projeto, selecionadas em amostra acidental. Como resultados, observou-se pontuação baixa (sintomas mais graves) no questionário para sintomas somáticos, vasomotores e de memória e concentração; e pontuação alta (sintomas mais leves) para depressão, atratividade e sintomas menstruais. Conclui-se, portanto, que a alta prevalência e a relativa gravidade de alguns desses sintomas podem ter influências negativas na qualidade de vida das mulheres climatéricas. Desta forma, iniciativas de educação em saúde devem ser incentivadas, estimulando o esclarecimento e o acesso ao serviço de saúde para a população em período de climatério.


Menopause, the transition period between childbearing age and non-reproductive age, is characterized by hormonal, physical and psychic changes, which frequently lead to unpleasant symptoms. The "Living Better - Integral Care of Menopausal Women", an extension project developed at the University Hospital / Health Care Center of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil, aims to provide menopausal women with health education. The participants' profile was assessed, in order to improve the work developed and help with health education initiatives. The Women's Health Questionnaire, composed of 37 questions, was applied to 36 participants randomly selected. Lower scores (more severe symptoms) were observed for somatic, vasomotor, memory and concentration symptoms, while higher scores (milder symptoms) were observed for depression, attractiveness and menstrual symptoms. The high prevalence and relative severity of some of these symptoms may adversely affect the quality of life of menopausal women. Health education initiatives must be supported so as to increase the menopausal population's knowledge about and access to health care services.


Subject(s)
Female , Middle Aged , Climacteric , Menopause , Quality of Life/psychology , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Women's Health
11.
Femina ; 37(2): 107-113, jan. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-523840

ABSTRACT

As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são as principais causas de morte em todo mundo e a mulher após a menopausa torna-se mais exposta, com a perda do papel protetor dos estrogênios, entre outros fatores de risco. Vários aspectos têm sido avaliados, no sentido de nortear as ações preventivas em atenção primária de saúde. Evidências têm demonstrado efeito da Glycine max, quer como alimento funcional (produtos à base de proteína de soja) ou fitomedicamento (extrato de soja rico em isoflavonas), na redução dos riscos de DCV. Nesta análise crítica de 66 estudos, obtidos por consulta no banco de dados Medline, no período de janeiro de 2000 até janeiro de 2007, visamos detalhar os efeitos da soja em diferentes marcadores de risco de DCV. Foi possível notar que a qualidade metodológica e a heterogenicidade dos trabalhos nos conduzem a comparações duvidosas, sem expressão estatística. No entanto, parece haver um impacto positivo da Glycine max em diversos parâmetros na prevenção da doença cardiovascular. A soja e os produtos dela derivados (isoflavonas) constituem possibilidade terapêutica na mulher após a menopausa, agregando melhora do risco de DCV.


Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main causes of death worldwide and the postmenopausal women become more exposed due to deleterious hypoestrogenic effects. Several risk factors have been assessed, in order to guide preventive actions in primary healthcare. Evidences have demonstrated the Glycine max effects as functional nutrient (soy protein) of as patronized herbal drug (soy extract with isoflavonas) reducing the cardiovascular risks. In this critical analysis of 66 studies, obtained by consulting the Medline database, from January 2000 ultil January 2007, it was aimed to detail the soy effects in different risk markers of on CVD. It was noted that the methodological quality of work and heterogeneity lead in the dubious comparisons, without statistical expression. However, Glycien max seems to have a positive impact in some parameters in terms or prevention of CVD. The soybeans and products derived from it (isoflavones) are possible therapies in women after menopause, adding improves the risk of CVD.


Subject(s)
Female , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Phytoestrogens/administration & dosage , Phytoestrogens/therapeutic use , Isoflavones/therapeutic use , Soybeans , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Postmenopause , Risk Factors
12.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 68(2): 73-80, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523003

ABSTRACT

Demostrar la utilidad de la toma de muestra con Uterobrush® y compararlo con la biopsia endometrial, en pacientes posmenopáusicas con terapia hormonal. Estudio prospectivo durante un lapso de seis meses, en el cual se incluyeron 30 pacientes, de las cuales 15 referían sangrado genital anormal y 15 no referían sintomatología. A cada paciente se le realizó citología endometrial con Uterobrush® y posteriormente se le realizó biopsia de endometrio con cureta de Novak. El diagnóstico citológico se comparó con el diagnóstico biópsico, para obtener la sensibilidad y especificidad de la técnica con Uterobrush®. Consulta externa del Servicio de Ginecología del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes (IIAHULA) Mérida. El procedimiento fue fácil en un 73,3 por ciento de las pacientes, no refiriendo dolor. No se presentó sangrado posterior a la introducción del Uterobrush® en un 53,33 por ciento. Las muestras fueron adecuadas en el 70 por ciento de los casos. La principal causa de limitación fue la mala preservación de las células. Al comparar los diagnósticos citológicos con la biopsia encontramos una sensibilidad del 71 por ciento y una especificidad del 75. La citología endometrial con Uterobrush® es un procedimiento aceptable, fácil de usar, económico, y bien tolerado por las pacientes; siendo útil para la valoración endometrial en mujeres posmenopáusicas y en aquellas que así lo ameriten, pero no se pretende desplazar a la biopsia endometrial sino sugerir estudios más extensos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Uterine Diseases/therapy , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods , Cytological Techniques/methods , Gynecology
14.
Salvador; s.n; 2006. 72 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-571284

ABSTRACT

Nos casos com hepatite crônica C, as taxas de progressão da fibrose são significativamente diferentes entre homens e mulheres. Para explicar essa diferença, um efeito antifibrogênico do estrógeno tem sido roposto, possivelmente devido à inibição de células estreladas. Avaliar a gravidade da hepatite crônica C em mulheres de acordo com menopausa e terapia e reposição hormonal (Trh); verificar a participação da esteatose no surgimento da fibrose hepática. Mulheres com hepatite crônica C foram retrospectivamente avaliadas, mas excluídas aquelas sem estudo histológico do fígado ou com outras causas de doenças hepáticas. Um questionário foi aplicado e testes bioquímicos do sangue foram avaliados na época da biópsia hepática. Biópsias hepáticas foram examinadas de acordo com a classificação METAVIR. Foram identificados fatores associados à fibrose, através da análise univariada e multivariada (regressão logística). O estudo incluiu 317 mulheres. Um total de 164 mulheres (51,7%) eram menopausadas e 78 (24,6%) receberam ou estavam recebendo Trh. As 103 (32,7%) mulheres com fibrose moderada a grave (F2-F4) eram de maior idade (48,5% com idade superior a 55 anos; p=0,0001), apresentavam esteatose hepática mais freqüentemente que as mulheres com fibrose 5 leve (FO-F1) e eram mais freqüentemente menopausadas (71,4% vs. 47,7%; p <0,0001). A probabilidade de fibrose F2-F4 foi menor para as menopausadas em uso de Trh rOR 0,20 (95% CI O,10-0,42), p=O,OOO1]. Esteatose foi mais freqüente e mais grave em mulheres menopausadas, porém a distribuição dos genótipos virais, o peso das pacientes, os níveis de colesterol e triglicérides não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre menopausadas e não-menopausadas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Fatty Liver/pathology , Hepatitis C/transmission , Hormones/administration & dosage , Menopause/physiology , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods
16.
Rev. HCPA & Fac. Med. Univ. Fed. Rio Gd. do Sul ; 24(2/3): 38-44, ago.-dez. 2004.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-418213

ABSTRACT

A doença cardiovascular foi a primeira causa de morte entre mulheres durante o século XX, sendo mais freqüente após a menopausa, o que sugere que os hormônios possam ter algum papel na prevenção da doença nessas mulheres. Nas últimas décadas, o uso de terapia hormonal (TH) para preservar a saúde de mulheres pós-menopausa tornou-se muito popular na América. Em 1998, porém, o paradigma da TH começou a ser contestado com a liberação do Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study. Conforme esse primeiro grande ensaio clínico randomizado de TH para prevenção secundária de doença cardíaca, não houve benefício na TH, mas houve um inesperado aumento do risco durante o primeiro ano de seguimento. Então, em 2002, um braço do ensaio de TH em andamento, o Women’s Health Initiative, foi suspenso precocemente, pois os riscos eram maiores do que os benefícios no grupo usuário de TH. De fato, evidências confiáveis sobre os riscos e benefícios da TH a longo prazo estão apenas emergindo. Grande parte dessa fascinante história da TH em mulheres pós-menopausa ainda aguarda um desfecho definitivo


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/trends , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Stroke/mortality , Stroke/pathology , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Coronary Artery Disease/pathology , Thrombosis
17.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 83(5): 385-395, nov. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-387187

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a terapia de reposição hormonal com estrogênios e progestogênios, em mulheres hipertensas na pós-menopausa, modifica a trigliceridemia e a reatividade vascular pós-prandial. MÉTODOS: Estudo controlado, duplo cego, cruzado contra placebo em 15 mulheres na pós-menopausa (idade de 50 a 70, média = 61,6 ± 6 anos), sorteadas para 2 semanas de placebo ou ingestão oral de 0,625 mg de estrogênios conjugados eqüinos e 2,5 mg de medroxiprogesterona e alimentadas com refeição rica em gorduras (897 calorias; 50,1 por cento de gorduras). Foi medida a reatividade vascular (RV - por cento de variação dos diâmetros do vaso entre o jejum e 2h após a alimentação), usando-se método ultra-sonográfico automatizado. Foram também determinados o perfil lipídico e a glicose, em jejum e 2h após a alimentação rica em gorduras. RESULTADOS: Com o placebo, a reatividade vascular (RV) diminuiu de 3,20 ± 17 por cento em jejum para -2,1 ± 30 por cento, 2h após a alimentação (p = 0,041), e com terapia de reposição hormonal, a reatividade vascular diminuiu de 6,14 ± 27 por cento em jejum para -0,05±18 por cento, 2h após a alimentação (p=NS). A trigliceridemia pós-prandial aumentou, 35 ± 25 por cento com o placebo, e 12 ± 10 por cento com a terapia de reposição hormonal (P < 0,05). CONCLUSAO: Em mulheres hipertensas, na pós-menopausa, 2 semanas de reposição hormonal com uma associação de estrogênios e progestogênios, diminuiu a hipertrigliceridemia após uma refeição com alto teor de gorduras, efeito que pode melhorar a disfunção endotelial existente no período pós-prandial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Cholesterol/blood , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/administration & dosage , Medroxyprogesterone/administration & dosage , Triglycerides/blood , Vascular Resistance/drug effects , Double-Blind Method , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Hypertension , Postprandial Period , Risk Factors , Time Factors
18.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 15(3): 99-106, jul. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-425094

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento de reemplazo hormonal para la sintomatología del climaterio ha sido un tema importante de la discusión científica en los últimos años. La evidencia obtenida de los estudios observacionales ha avalado por años el uso de hormonas como tratamiento de la sintomatología general, de la atrofia urogenital, como prevención de osteoporosis por hipoestrogenismo, prevención de riesgo cardiovascular, mejoría de condición mental y de la calidad de vida. Los estudios randomizados más recientes han confirmado el aumento del riesgo de cáncer de mama en usuarias de terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH), pero, a su vez, han mostrado evidencia de un aumento significativo del riesgo relativo de desarrollar complicaciones cardiovasculares como infarto del miocardio, enfermedad cerobrovascular y tromboembolía venosa en pacientes usuarias TRH. Los estudios actuales se han orientado a la búsqueda de nuevos marcadores de riesgo oncológico y cardiovascular, que permitan identificar a aquellas pacientes con mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones en el corto y largo plazo con la TRH. A pesar de los efectos cardiovasculares, la TRH continuará siendo usada para el control de los síntomas de la menopausia y las dudas respecto de su seguridad permanecerán por ahora, no resueltas. El reemplazo hormonal por vía oral y transdérmica tiene efectos cualitativa y cuantitativamente diferentes en el perfil lipídico y otros parámetros metabólicos, que resultan del efecto de primer paso hepático de las hormonas usadas, como también de las diferentes cantidades de hormona introducidas al organismo por las dos rutas de administración. El tratamiento moderno de la sintomatología y la prevención en la mujer climatérica, debe ser ajustado a los antecedentes y factores de riesgo individuales, usando hormonas, dosis, vías de administración y duración apropiadas para el objetivo planteado al inicio de la terapia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Estrogens/administration & dosage , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Administration, Cutaneous , Administration, Oral , Climacteric , Estrogens/adverse effects , Estrogens/therapeutic use , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects
19.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-38434

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mammographic change before and after conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day in hysterectomized women. DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Menopause clinic, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Dedicated mammograms and demographic data of 66 women who had been hysterectomized were reviewed. Post surgical menopausal women were recruited for the study. CEE 0.625 mg/day was given just after the operation. The baseline mammography was done before the initiation of HRT and they were compared with the follow-up mammography performed 12-18 months after therapy. The degree of increase in mammographic density was classified as follows: minimal changes (10-25% increased density), moderated change (26-50% increased density), and marked change (> 50% increased density). RESULTS: The mean age +/- SD was 47 +/- 4.3 years old. The mean duration +/- SD of hormone used was 13.5 +/- 2.4 months. The most common indication for operation was myoma uteri (43.9%). On the baseline mammogram, 5 cases had cystic change and one case had a small circumscribed solid mass suspected to be fibroadenoma. On the follow-up mammograms, there were 2 cases (3.0%) detected to have significantly increased breast density. One was moderately increased and the other was markedly increased, but cystic changes and one fibroadenoma were not changed. CONCLUSION: CEE has little effect on increased mammographic density.


Subject(s)
Adult , Breast/pathology , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hysterectomy , Mammography/methods , Middle Aged , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sampling Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
20.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-40219

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of the oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) preparation estradiol valerate/levonorgestrel (EV/LNG, Klimonorm) in the alleviation of the menopausal complaints of peri- and postmenopausal Thai women was studied in a prospective, open, uncontrolled phase IV clinical trial. Of the 50 peri- or postmenopausal women screened, 39 completed the study. From them 31 were postmenopausal and 8 perimenopausal. The participants received EV/LNG over a period of 6 cycles. The Menopause Rating Scale II (MRS II) was used to assess the effect of EV/LNG on the menopausal symptoms. The changes in the main parameters of the MRS II during the treatment with EV/LNG showed that the general score decreased by 34.9 per cent after 3 months and was kept at the same value after 6 months of treatment. The somato-vegetative complaints decreased by 32.5 per cent after 3 months and by 35 per cent after 6 months. The psychological complaints decreased by 34.1 per cent after 3 months and by 32.9 per cent after 6 months. The urogenital complaints decreased by 29.3 per cent after 3 months, and remained at the same level after 6 months of treatment. In conclusion, the 6-months administration of the oral HRT preparation estradiol valerate/levonorgestrel caused a considerable alleviation of the climacteric symptoms in menopausal women.


Subject(s)
Climacteric/drug effects , Drug Combinations , Estradiol/analogs & derivatives , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Female , Humans , Levonorgestrel/pharmacology , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies
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